BIOLOGY
221
Practice Quizzes - Final Exam Review Material
J.E. Lathrop-Davis, Assistant Professor
CCBC Catonsville
1.
Which of the components of the circulatory system:
a.
is directly involved in transport of materials?
b.
acts as conduits?
c.
provides the pressure for movement
2. Which
of the formed elements of blood:
a.
carries respiratory gases?
b.
fights infection?
c.
plays an important role in hemostasis?
3. Name
two measurements used to estimate the oxygen carrying capacity of the blood.
a.
b.
c.
4. Describe
– briefly – the control of erythropoiesis.
5. Which
of the ABO blood types is the:
a.
Universal
donor?
b.
Universal
recipient?
6. Name
the 3 mechanisms (phases) of hemostasis.
a.
________________________
b.
________________________
c.
________________________
7. Which
heart chamber:
a.
receives blood from the systemic
circulation?
b.
pumps blood to the systemic
circulation?
c.
receives blood from the pulmonary circulation?
d.
pumps blood to the pulmonary
circulation?
8. Which
great vessel of the heart:
a.
carries blood to the systemic
circulation?
b.
carries blood to the pulmonary
circulation?
c.
returns blood from the systemic
circulation?
d.
returns blood from the pulmonary
circulation?
9. What
is the function of the:
a.
AV
valves?
b.
Semilunar valves
10. What
ions provide the following in contractile cells?
a.
depolarization to
threshold?
b.
rapid depolarization of the action
potential?
c.
repolarization?
11. What
ions provide the following in autorhythmic cells?
a.
depolarization to
threshold?
b.
rapid depolarization of the action
potential?
c.
repolarization?
12. Fill
in the components of the conduction pathway starting with the normal pacemaker.
(pacemaker) -> ->
-> ->
13. To
what electrical activity in the heart does each of the waves of an ECG
correspond?
P
wave
QRS
complex
T
wave
14. What
effect would each of the following have on cardiac output?
a.
hemorrhage
b.
increased skeletal muscle
activity
c.
increased sympathetic impulses to
heart
d.
very high extracellular K+
15. What
type of blood vessels:
a.
carry blood away from the
heart?
b.
are sites of exchange between blood and tissue?
c.
return blood to the
heart?
16. What
layer of the blood vessel:
a.
provides a smooth surface that decreases friction?
b.
provides control of the size of the lumen?
c.
anchors the blood vessel in the connective tissue?
17. Define
anastomosis and give an example of an area where they would be important.
18. What
are three sources of resistance to blood flow? Indicate which of the three is
the point at which resistance is controlled.
a.
b.
c.
19. Define
the following:
a.
Pulse pressure
b.
Mean arterial pressure
.
c.
Systolic pressure
d.
Diastolic pressure
20. Name two short-term chemical controls of blood
pressure and – briefly - tell how each works.
21. How
does the renin-angiotensin pathway affect blood pressure and water balance?
22. How does stimulation of each of the following
center affect blood pressure?
a.
Stimulation of the CAC
b.
Stimulation of the CIC
c.
Stimulation of the VMC
23. Name and describe two things that aid venous
return.
a.
b.
24. Explain how each of the following would cause
edema:
a.
increased MAP
b.
allergic reaction
c.
hypothyroidism
25. Which lymphatic tissues/organ(s):
a.
protect against airborne and waterborne pathogens?
b.
remove worn out
erythrocytes?
c.
filter fluid before it returns to the
blood?
d.
are essential to immunocompetency of T
cells?
26. Trace the flow of lymph from the lower limbs
to the subclavian vein. Into which subclavian vein (right or left) does
this lymph flow?
27. Name and describe 2 types of physical
barriers.
a.
b.
28. How does each of the following signs of
inflammation arise?
a.
Redness
b.
Swelling .
29. Which phagocytes:
a.
respond rapidly to localized
infections?
b.
reside in tissues
30. Define immunogenic and differentiate between
haptens and complete antigens.
31. What
is the role of phagocytes in specific resistance?
32. What are two ways in which a person might
acquire humoral immunity?
a.
b.
33. What happens to:
a.
nonspecific resistance if helper T cells are deficient?
b.
specific resistance if helper T cells are deficient?
34. Define the basic processes involved in the exchange
of gases between air and tissues:
a.
Ventilation
b.
External respiration
c.
Internal respiration
d.
Blood gas transport
35. The respiratory system
can’t do all that (#34) alone, what other two systems of the body are involved
and what does each do?
a.
b.
36. Where in the lungs does exchange of gases
between air and blood actually take place? What type of vessels are involved?
a.
Lungs
b.
Vessels
37. What is the significance of the following
tissue types in the following areas?
a.
Pseudostratified epithelium in the trachea
b.
Stratified squamous epithelium in the mouth and pharynx
38. What must occur for air to move into the
lungs? How is it accomplished?
39. What must occur for air to move out of the
lungs? How is it accomplished?
40. How is oxygen transported from the lungs to
the tissues? How is CO2 transported?
a.
O2
b.
CO2
41. Trace
the flow of food through the alimentary canal from the oral orifice to the
anus.
42. Where do the following take place:
a.
start of starch hydrolysis
b.
start of protein hydrolysis
c.
most chemical digestion
d.
most absorption
43. What are two ways in which the gastric mucosa
is protected from the HCl and pepsin its cells produce?
a.
b.
44. Very little is absorbed in the stomach, yet it
places an important role in absorption of a certain nutrient. What is the role,
what is the nutrient, and what disorder to you get if the stomach fails to do
its job?
a.
Role
b.
Nutrient
c.
Disorder
45. What are three anatomical features of the
small intestine and what does each do to aid digestion and/or absorption?
a.
b.
c.
46. What are three functions of the liver?
a.
b.
c.
47. Define essential amino acid.
48. List four uses of proteins in the body:
a.
b.
c.
d.
49. List the steps of aerobic glucose catabolism
in order and tell how much ATP is made by each.
a.
b.
c.
50. Describe the role of the hypothalamus in
temperature control.