Name the two major fluid compartments of the body. In which is most of the water found?

most _____________________ other _________________________

__________________ are solutes with no electrical charge. An example is __________.

__________________ are solutes with an electrical charge. An example is __________.

Name two sources of water for the body.
___________________________ ___________________________

List three ways in which the body loses water. Indicate which represent obligatory losses.

___________________________

___________________________

___________________________

Name two things that normally stimulate the thirst response

___________________________ and ___________________________

At what point is fluid loss controlled for the purpose of fluid and electrolyte control rather than temperature control?

___________________________

List two hormones involved in regulating fluid and electrolyte loss.

___________________________ and ___________________________

Name two hormones that enhance sodium reabsorption in the kidney.

___________________________ ___________________________

The most important factor in regulating K⁺: ___________________________

K⁺ is important to ______________________________________________________.

What are two important roles of Ca²⁺?

______________________________________________________

______________________________________________________

What hormone is most important to Ca²⁺ regulation? ___________________________

The major anion in extracellular fluid is ___________________________.

____ is a measure of H⁺ concentration in a fluid.

_______ dissociate to form H⁺; _______ either dissociate to form OH^- or accept H⁺.

_________________________ results when too much CO₂ is removed from the blood;

_________________________ results when too little CO₂ is removed from the blood.

The ___________ of an acid or base refers to its ability to ionize.

Weak / strong (circle one) acids (e.g., _________) or bases (e.g., _____________) dissociate readily;

Weak / strong (circle one) acids (e.g., _________) or bases (e.g., _____________) do not dissociate readily.

Maintaining acid-base balance is important because ___________ function depends on the pH.

Name the three major chemical buffer systems:

_____________________________

_____________________________ and

_____________________________

A decrease in blood pH results in increased / decreased (circle one) ventillation.

An increase in blood pH results in increased / decreased (circle one) ventillation.

A/an decrease / increase (circle one) in pH results from decreased ventilation

A/an decrease / increase (circle one) in pH results from increased ventilation.

Organic acids and bases are excreted primarily by the ______________ (organ).

Metabolic acidosis may result from:

_____________________________ or ____________________________

Metabolic alkalosis may result from:

_____________________________ or ____________________________

What are three metabolic sources of acids?

________________________ or ________________________ or ________________________

___________________________ is a decrease in blood pH below 7.35. Give one factor that may cause such a decrease.

____________________________________________________

___________________________ is an increase in blood pH above 7.45. Give one factor that may cause such an increase.

_____________________________________________________

____________ is an accumulation of fluid in the interstitial fluid. Name one factor that causes this problem.

______________________________________________________