BIOLOGY 221
Practice Quizzes - Nutrition, Metabolism
and Temperature Regulation
J.E. Lathrop-Davis, Assistant Professor
CCBC Catonsville

1. The three groups of major nutrients, other than water, are:

a. ________________ b. _________________ c. ________________

2. ________________ are organic molecules with specific functions; they often serve as coenzymes.

3. ________________ are inorganic nutrients.

4. Give four examples of inorganic nutrients. _______ _______ ______ _______

5. List the major food groups.

6. Three main functions of carbohydrates are:

   1. ________________________

   2. ________________________; and

   3. ________________________

7. ______________ fatty acids or amino acids must be in the diet because ________________________.

8. Three important functions (uses) of lipids in the body are:

   1. ________________________

   2. ________________________; and

   3. ________________________

9. ______________ proteins contain all the essential amino acids; these proteins are found in __________. ________________ proteins do not contain all essential amino acids.

10. What makes an amino acid "essential"?

11. Give 2 examples of essential amino acids. __________________ _________________

12. List 4 general functions of proteins:

    1. ______________________ c. ______________________

    2. ______________________ d. ______________________

13. With regard to proteins (amino acids), what is meant by the "all-or-none" rule?

14. What are the two major groups of vitamins? _____________ and ____________________

15. Give a specific example of each of the two major groups of vitamins. _____________ and ___________

16. __________________ are molecules that help enzymes perform their functions.

17. __________________ interact with free radicals to prevent damage to the cell.

18. List 3 functions of minerals.

    1. ____________________________

    2. ____________________________

    3. ____________________________

19. __________________ is the sum of all chemical processes occurring in the body.

20. _______________________ is the amount of energy needed to maintain body functions at rest without activity from digestion.

21. ________________________During the breakdown of glucose to form ATP (glucose catabolism), which stage (series of reactions) takes place in the cytoplasm?

22. ________________________During the breakdown of glucose to form ATP (glucose catabolism), which stage (series of reactions) produces the CO2?

23. ________________________ During the breakdown of glucose to form ATP (glucose catabolism), which stage (series of reactions) produces the most ATP?

24. How many ATP are produced per glucose molecule in most cells? _________

25. The _______________________ is the temperature of organs within the skull, thoracic and abdominal cavities.

26. What are two ways the body loses heat to the environment?

• ________________________ or ________________________

27. What are two ways the body may gain heat from the environment?

• ________________________ or ________________________

28. What are two fast-acting mechanisms the body uses to maintain body temperature in a cold environment?

    • __________________________ or __________________________

29. What are two mechanisms the body uses to maintain body temperature in a hot environment?

    • __________________________ or __________________________

30. _________________ is loss of the ability to regulate body temperature due to increased body temperature.

31. _________________ is controlled hyperthermia in response to infection.

32. _________________ is a greatly decreased body temperature due to excessive loss of body heat.