The main function of the urinary system is _________________________________.

The kidney helps regulate systemic blood pressure by secreting ________________.

The kidney helps regulate red blood cell formation by secreting ________________.

Urine is carried to the urinary bladder by the _________________; the __________ carries it from the bladder to the outside.

The main function of the bladder is to __________________________________.

The outer region of the kidney is called the ___________________. The inner region of the kidney is the ____________________.

The _______________ brings oxygenated blood to the kidney; the ____________ provides venous drainage.

The _____________ is the functional unit of the kidney.

The functional unit is composed of 4 parts; name them, in the order in which they form or process the filtrate:

1. ____________________. 3. ____________________.

2. ____________________. 4. ____________________.

Name and describe the three main processes of urine formation.

a. ________________________________________.

b. ________________________________________.

c. ________________________________________.

Bowman's capsule surrounds a specialized capillary bed called the ________________. Together these structures may be referred to as the __________________.

The ________________________ consists of parts of the afferent and efferent arterioles as well as part of the distal convoluted tubule.

The part from the arterioles is called the ________________; the part from the DCT is called the ___________________.

What keeps the pressure higher in this capillary bed than in normal capillaries?

___________________________ is the main force responsible for adding fluid to the filtrate at the renal corpuscle.

What are three factors that affect the glomerular filtration rate?

____________________________

____________________________

____________________________

Increases in systemic blood pressure would be expected to result in increased filtration. What two intrinsic (autoregulatory) mechanisms does the kidney use to adjust flow to maintain a steady filtration rate?

___________________________ and ______________________________

Most tubular reabsorption takes place in the ___________________________.

What are two groups of substances that are normally reabsorbed?

___________________________ and ___________________________

________________transport uses the energy of the concentration gradient to move substances by diffusion, facilitated diffusion or osmosis.

________________ transport requires ATP and moves substances against their concentration gradients.

______________________ include urea, creatinine and uric acid, which are not normally reabsorbed.

_____________________ is a hormone that targets cells of the CDs to increase Na⁺ reabsorption.

What controls the secretion of the hormone in #23?

_____________________ is a hormone that affects the CDs and increases their permeability to water.

_____________________ is a hormone that inhibits the reabsorption of sodium, thereby inhibiting water reabsorption.

_____________________ are chemicals that inhibit Na⁺reabsorption

Reabsorption of water will - increase / decrease (circle one) - blood pressure.

Diuretics will - increase / decrease (circle one) - blood pressure.

__________________________ is the movement of solutes from the blood into the filtrate in the nephron.

The __________________________ is the part of the nephron that acts as a counter-current multiplier to conserve water while allowing wastes to be removed. The blood vessels associated with this structure are called the ____________________.

What type of diabetes results from:

1. increased plasma glucose due to increased cortisol? ___________________

2. increased plasma glucose due to decreased insulin? ___________________

3. decreased ADH secretion? ____________________