BIOLOGY 220
ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY I
OBJECTIVES
Unit VI – BRAIN AND ITS COVERINGS
Organization and Development
- Describe early development of the brain.
- Describe later development of the brain.
- List the major regions of the adult brain.
Cerebrum
- List and describe the three structural areas of the cerebrum.
- List and describe the motor areas of the cerebral cortex (locations, functions,
and abnormalities).
- List and describe the sensory areas of the cerebral cortex (locations, functions,
and abnormalities).
- List and describe the association areas of the cerebral cortex (locations,
functions, and abnormalities).
- Explain hemispheric lateralization of cortical functioning.
- List the structural components and describe the functions of the cerebral
white matter.
- List the structural components and describe the functions of the basal nuclei.
Diencephalon
Name the location and structural components of the diencephalon.
- Describe the structure and function(s) of the thalamus.
- Describe the structure and function(s) of the hypothalamus.
- Describe the structure and function(s) of the epithalamus.
Brain Stem
- Name the structural components of the brain stem.
- Describe the structure and function(s) of the midbrain
- Describe the structure and function(s) of the pons.
- Describe the structure and function(s) of medulla oblongata.
Cerebellum
- Describe the structure and functions of the cerebellum.
- Describe the structure and functions of the cerebellar white matter.
Functional Brain
- Name two major functional brain systems.
- List the components and describe the functions of the limbic system.
- List the components and describe the functions of the reticular formation.
Brain Protection
- Name the structures that protect the brain.
- Describe the location and functions of the three meninges.
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)
- Describe the functions of CSF.
- Describe the sites and structures involved in the production of CSF
- Describe the formation and location of the ventricles, central canal and
subarachnoid space.
- Describe CSF circulation in CNS.
Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB)
- Define blood-brain barrier.
- List the major components of the blood-brain barrier.
- List substances/chemicals that pass rapidly, pass slowly, or do not pass
across the blood-brain barrier.
- List the structures missing BBB, and explain why.
Cranial Nerves
- List the twelve pairs of cranial nerves.
- Relate each nerve to its origin, principal destinations and functions.
- Name the passageway through which each cranial nerve enters/exits the cranium.