BIOLOGY 220

ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY I

OBJECTIVES

Unit VI – BRAIN AND ITS COVERINGS

Organization and Development

  1. Describe early development of the brain.
  2. Describe later development of the brain.
  3. List the major regions of the adult brain.

Cerebrum

  1. List and describe the three structural areas of the cerebrum.
  2. List and describe the motor areas of the cerebral cortex (locations, functions, and abnormalities).
  3. List and describe the sensory areas of the cerebral cortex (locations, functions, and abnormalities).
  4. List and describe the association areas of the cerebral cortex (locations, functions, and abnormalities).
  5. Explain hemispheric lateralization of cortical functioning.
  6. List the structural components and describe the functions of the cerebral white matter.
  7. List the structural components and describe the functions of the basal nuclei.

Diencephalon

Name the location and structural components of the diencephalon.

  1. Describe the structure and function(s) of the thalamus.
  2. Describe the structure and function(s) of the hypothalamus.
  3. Describe the structure and function(s) of the epithalamus.

Brain Stem

  1. Name the structural components of the brain stem.
  2. Describe the structure and function(s) of the midbrain
  3. Describe the structure and function(s) of the pons.
  4. Describe the structure and function(s) of medulla oblongata.

Cerebellum

  1. Describe the structure and functions of the cerebellum.
  2. Describe the structure and functions of the cerebellar white matter.

Functional Brain

  1. Name two major functional brain systems.
  2. List the components and describe the functions of the limbic system.
  3. List the components and describe the functions of the reticular formation.

Brain Protection

  1. Name the structures that protect the brain.
  2. Describe the location and functions of the three meninges.

Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)

  1. Describe the functions of CSF.
  2. Describe the sites and structures involved in the production of CSF
  3. Describe the formation and location of the ventricles, central canal and subarachnoid space.
  4. Describe CSF circulation in CNS.

Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB)

  1. Define blood-brain barrier.
  2. List the major components of the blood-brain barrier.
  3. List substances/chemicals that pass rapidly, pass slowly, or do not pass across the blood-brain barrier.
  4. List the structures missing BBB, and explain why.

Cranial Nerves

  1. List the twelve pairs of cranial nerves.
  2. Relate each nerve to its origin, principal destinations and functions.
  3. Name the passageway through which each cranial nerve enters/exits the cranium.