BIOLOGY 220

ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY I

OBJECTIVES

Unit VIII – SPINAL NERVES, RECEPTORS AND REFLEXES

Spinal Nerves
  1. Describe the general location of the spinal nerves
    1. number and name all spinal nerves
  2. Describe the components of a spinal nerve.
  3. Describe the spinal nerve branches.

Regeneration of Nerve Fibers

  1. Name the components necessary for nerve fiber regeneration.
  2. List and describe the steps to regeneration of peripheral nerve fibers.
  3. Compare regeneration of neurons in the CNS and PNS.

Nerve Plexuses

  1. Define nerve plexus.
  2. List the four plexuses of the human nervous system.

Cervical Plexuses

  1. Describe the location of the cervical plexus.
  2. Describe the functions of the cervical plexus.
  3. Name the major nerves of the cervical plexus and list their main function(s).

Brachial Plexuses
  1. Describe the location of the brachial plexus.
  2. Describe the functions of the brachial plexus.
  3. Name the major nerves of the brachial plexus and list their main function(s).

Lumbar Plexuses
  1. Describe the location of the lumbar plexus.
  2. Describe the functions of the lumbar plexus.
  3. Name the major nerves of the lumbar plexus and list their main function(s).

Sacral Plexuses
  1. Describe the location of the sacral plexus.
  2. Describe the functions of the sacral plexus.
  3. Name the major nerves of the sacral plexus and list their main function(s).

Dermatomes

  1. Define dermatome.
  2. Indicate the dermatomes of the human body.
  3. Indicate the significance of dermatomes.

General Sensory Receptors

  1. Classify and describe receptors based on their locations.
  2. Classify and describe receptors based on the type of stimulus detected.
  3. Classify and describe receptors based on their structural complexity.
  4. Define sensory adaptation.
  5. List and describe the major types of mechanoreceptors.

Reflexes

  1. Define reflex.
  2. Name the components of the reflex arc.
  3. List the types of spinal reflexes.

Stretch Reflex

  1. Describe the function(s) of stretch reflex.
  2. Describe the events (steps) of stretch reflex.
  3. Give an example of a stretch reflex.

Flexor (Withdrawal) Reflex
  1. Describe the function(s) of flexor reflex.
  2. Describe the events (steps) of flexor reflex.
  3. Give an example of a flexor reflex.

Crossed Extensor Reflex
  1. Describe the function(s) of crossed extensor reflex.
  2. Describe the events (steps) of crossed extensor reflex.
  3. Give an example of a crossed-extensor reflex.

Deep Tendon Reflex
  1. Describe the function(s) of deep tendon reflex.
  2. Describe the events (steps) of deep tendon reflex.
  3. Give an example of a deep tendon reflex.

Superficial Reflexes
  1. Define and describe superficial reflexes.
  2. Give an example of a superficial reflex.
  3. Define Babinski sign and indicate whether it is normal or abnormal in infants (<18 mo. old) and adults.