Unit II: The Origin of the Solar System
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After Completing These Learning Activities You Should Be Able To:

Read This Material in Your Text:
Figure 1: 49KB Text
M16Fullsm.jpg - 21.2 K
Credit: NASA/STScI/Jeff Hester and Paul Scowen (Arizona State University)

Figure 2: 78 KB Text
Orionfullsm.gif - 18.5 K
Credit: C.R. O'Dell/Rice Univ., NASA

Figure 3: 80KB Text
OriProp4sm.gif - 15.5 K
Credit: Mark McCaughrean (Max-Planck-Institute for Astronomy), C. Robert O'Dell (Rice University), and NASA

Figure 4: 79KB Text
Orionpropdarksm.gif - 13.0 K
Credit: C.R. O'Dell/Rice Univ., NASA

Read These Notes: How does one go about developing a theory of the origin of the Earth and the solar system to which it belongs? First, we can observe stars and planetary systems forming today. Figure 1 is one of the most dramatic pictures provided by the Hubble Space Telescope. The pillar-like structures located in the Eagle Nebula (M16) are a dramatic example of active star formation going on today.

Long known to be a region of active star formation, the Orion nebula (figure 2), under the penetrating eye of the Hubble Space Telescope (Mpg video - 650 KB) (Text), has provided a wealth of information about star formation and, potentially, the evolution of planetary systems.

Of particular interest, is the discovery of protoplanetary disks ("proplyds"). These protoplanetary disks are dark disks of dust and gas which have been found around new, hot stars in the Orion nebula (figures 3 and 4). It has long been theorized that planetary systems form out of such disks of dust and gas which has been left behind as a remnant of the star formation process. Thus the Orion nebula and the "proplyds" provide a means of testing and refining our current theories of solar system formation.

A second approach taken by astronomers is to develop theories of solar system formation that is consistent with the properties of our solar system as we observe them today. So let us examine those properties.....

Complete These Self-check Questions: These questions and their answers are designed to help you determine how well you understand this objective and to provide additional instruction.
  • Refer to the text link in figure 1. To what does the term "EGGS" refer. What is their significance? (ans.)

  • Refer to the text link in figure 1. What are the two primary constituent materials which comprise the globules in the Eagle nebula ? (ans.)

  • Refer to the text link in figure 2. What is the significance is the Orion nebula? (ans.)

  • Refer to the text link in figure 3. What is the range in the masses of the stars forming in the Orion nebula? (ans.)

  • Refer to the text link in figure 3. What is the composition of "proplyds". What is their approximate size? How do astronomers explain the different shapes observed for proplyds? (ans.)

Homework Questions: Answer these homework questions after reading the on-line lecture and the readings in the text. Complete the self-check questions before attempting the homework. Follow the instructions for submitting the homework on this unit homework page.

Refer to the figures on this page and the text links associated with the figures to the left to answer the questions below.

  1. What is the distance of the Orion nebula in light years? How many parsecs is that?
  2. What percentage of the Orion nebula is dust? gas?
  3. What is the range in the masses of the stars forming in the Orion nebula?
  4. What is the range in the diameters of the protoplanetary disks detected in the Orion nebula.
  5. What is the age of the stars in the Orion nebula? What is the age of our solar system?
  6. What are "proplyds". Of what significance are they?

Discussion Questions: After studying this objective be prepared to contribute to the following discussion questions. Follow the instructions on the Unit Discussions page to submit your contribution.

  • Discovering Planetary Systems: Planetary systems are difficult to discover because of the great distance of stars and the small size of planets. Explore these web sites or complete a search of the web for "new planets". Using information in your text, on the web and on the optional web sites below to describe one way astronomers locate potential planets. Describe at least one property of one of the newly "discover" planets.


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