| Figure 1: 49KB
Text
Credit: NASA/STScI/Jeff Hester and Paul Scowen (Arizona State University)
Figure 2: 78 KB
Text
Credit: C.R. O'Dell/Rice Univ., NASA
Figure 3: 80KB
Text
Credit: Mark McCaughrean (Max-Planck-Institute for Astronomy), C. Robert O'Dell (Rice University), and NASA
Figure 4:
79KB
Text
Credit: C.R. O'Dell/Rice Univ., NASA
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Read
These Notes:
How does one go about developing a theory of the origin of the Earth and
the solar system to which it belongs? First, we can observe stars and planetary
systems forming today. Figure 1 is one of the most dramatic pictures provided
by the Hubble Space Telescope. The pillar-like structures located in the
Eagle Nebula (M16) are a dramatic example of active star formation going
on today. Long
known to be a region of active star formation, the Orion nebula (figure
2), under the penetrating eye of the Hubble Space Telescope (Mpg
video - 650 KB) (Text),
has provided a wealth of information about star formation and, potentially,
the evolution of planetary systems.
Of particular
interest, is the discovery of protoplanetary disks ("proplyds"). These
protoplanetary disks are dark disks of dust and gas which have been found
around new, hot stars in the Orion nebula (figures 3 and 4). It has long
been theorized that planetary systems form out of such disks of dust and
gas which has been left behind as a remnant of the star formation process.
Thus the Orion nebula and the "proplyds" provide a means of testing and
refining our current theories of solar system formation.
A second
approach taken by astronomers is to develop theories of solar system formation
that is consistent with the properties of our solar system as we observe
them today. So let us examine those properties.....
Complete
These Self-check
Questions: These questions and their
answers are designed to help you determine how well you understand this objective
and to provide additional instruction.
-
Refer
to the text link in figure 1. To what does the term "EGGS" refer.
What is their significance? (ans.)
-
Refer
to the text link in figure 1. What are the two primary constituent
materials which comprise the globules in the Eagle nebula ? (ans.)
-
Refer
to the text link in figure 2. What is the significance is the Orion
nebula? (ans.)
-
Refer
to the text link in figure 3. What is the range in the masses of the
stars forming in the Orion nebula? (ans.)
-
Refer
to the text link in figure 3. What is the composition of "proplyds".
What is their approximate size? How do astronomers explain the different
shapes observed for proplyds? (ans.)
Homework
Questions: Answer
these homework questions after reading the on-line lecture and the readings
in the text. Complete the self-check questions before attempting the homework.
Follow the instructions for submitting the homework on this unit
homework page. Refer
to the figures on this page and the text links associated with the figures
to the left to answer the questions below.
- What is
the distance of the Orion nebula in light years? How many parsecs is
that?
- What percentage
of the Orion nebula is dust? gas?
- What is
the range in the masses of the stars forming in the Orion nebula?
- What is
the range in the diameters of the protoplanetary disks detected in the
Orion nebula.
- What is
the age of the stars in the Orion nebula? What is the age of our solar
system?
- What are
"proplyds". Of what significance are they?
Discussion
Questions: After
studying this objective be prepared to contribute to the following discussion
questions. Follow the instructions on the Unit
Discussions page to submit your contribution.
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Discovering
Planetary Systems: Planetary systems are
difficult to discover because of the great distance of stars and the
small size of planets. Explore these web sites or complete a search
of the web for "new planets". Using
information in your text, on the web and on the optional web sites
below to describe one way astronomers locate potential planets. Describe
at least one property of one of the newly "discover" planets.
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