Flash animation illustrating the function of endocytic pattern-recognition receptors on phagocytes.

Flash animation illustrating signaling toll-like receptors on defense cells: LPS and TLR-4.

Flash animation showing activation of the lectin pathway, formation of C3 convertase, and formation of C5 convertase.

Flash animation showing toll-like receptors (TLRs) recognizing viral double-stranded RNA.

GIF animation showing the antiviral nature of interferon.

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Updated: November, 2008