M, Aug. 25 & Tu, Aug. 26:  Introduction

The syllabus, testing and grading, course materials, etc.

W, Aug. 27 & Th, Aug. 28:  Unit 1, Lecture 1

UNIT 1: Introduction; The Prokaryotic Cell (Bacteria)

I. INTRODUCTION

A. Basic Groups of Microbes
B. Cellular Organization: Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells
C. Classification: The Three Domain System

II. THE PROKARYOTIC CELL: BACTERIA

A. Sizes, Shapes, and Arrangements of Bacteria

Tu, Sept. 2 & W, Sept. 3: Unit 1, Lecture 2

UNIT 1: Introduction; The Prokaryotic Cell (Bacteria)

II. THE PROKARYOTIC CELL: BACTERIA

B. Prokaryotic Cell Structure of the Bacteria: An Overview

1. The Cytoplasmic Membrane
2. The Peptidoglycan Cell Wall

UNIT 1: Introduction; The Prokaryotic Cell (Bacteria)

II. THE PROKARYOTIC CELL: BACTERIA

B. Prokaryotic Cell Structure of the Bacteria: An Overview

2. The Peptidoglycan Cell Wall

a. The Gram-Positive Cell Wall
b. The Gram-Negative Cell Wall
c. The Acid-Fast Cell Wall

3. Structures Within the Cytoplasm

a. Cytoplasm
b. The Nucleoid
c. Plasmids and Transposons

UNIT 1: Introduction; The Prokaryotic Cell (Bacteria)

II. THE PROKARYOTIC CELL: BACTERIA

B. Prokaryotic Cell Structure of the Bacteria: An Overview

3. Structures Within the Cytoplasm

d. Ribosomes
e. Endospores
f. Inclusion Bodies and Organelles Used for Photosynthesis

II. THE PROKARYOTIC CELL: BACTERIA

B. Prokaryotic Cell Structure of the Bacteria: An Overview

4. Structures Outside the Cell Wall

a. Glycocalyx (Capsules)
b. Flagella
c. Pili

C. Selected Atypical Pathogenic Bacteria

END OF UNIT 1

Th, Sept. 18 & M, Sept. 22: Unit 2, Lecture 1

UNIT 2: Bacterial Pathogenicity; Using Antibiotics and Chemical Agents to Control Bacteria

I. BACTERIAL PATHOGENICITY

A. Overview
B. Virulence Factors that Promote Bacterial Colonization of the Host

1. The Ability to Contact Host Cells
2. The Ability to Adhere to Host Cells and Resist Physical Removal
3. The Ability to Invade Host Cells
4. The Ability to Compete for Iron and Other Nutrients

Tu, Sept. 23 & W, Sept. 24: Unit 2, Lecture 2

UNIT 2: Bacterial Pathogenicity; Using Antibiotics and Chemical Agents to Control Bacteria

I. BACTERIAL PATHOGENICITY

B. Virulence Factors that Promote Bacterial Colonization of the Host

5. The Ability to Resist Innate Immune Defenses such as Phagocytosis and Complement

a. The Ability to Resist Phagocytic Engulfment (Attachment and Ingestion)
b. The Ability to Resist Phagocytic Destruction and Serum Lysis

6. The Ability to Evade Adaptive Immune Defense

C. Virulence Factors that Damage the Host

1. The Ability to Produce Cell Wall Components that Bind to Host Cells causing them to Synthesize and Secrete Inflammatory Cytokines and Chemokines

a. Overview

Th, Sept. 25 & M, Sept. 29: Unit 2, Lecture 3

UNIT 2: Bacterial Pathogenicity; Using Antibiotics and Chemical Agents to Control Bacteria

I. BACTERIAL PATHOGENICITY

C. Virulence Factors that Damage the Host

1. The Ability to Produce Cell Wall Components that Bind to Host Cells causing them to Synthesize and Secrete Inflammatory Cytokines and Chemokines

b. Gram-Negative Cell Wall Components
c. Gram-Positive Cell Wall Components
d. Acid-Fast Cell Wall Components

2. The Ability to Produce Harmful Exotoxins

a. Superantigens

Tu, Sept. 30 & W, Oct. 1: Unit 2, Lecture 4

UNIT 2: Bacterial Pathogenicity; Using Antibiotics and Chemical Agents to Control Bacteria

I. BACTERIAL PATHOGENICITY

C. Virulence Factors that Damage the Host

2. The Ability to Produce Harmful Exotoxins

b. A-B Toxins and other Toxins that Interfere with Host Cell Function
c. Toxins that Damage Host Cell Membranes

3. The Ability to Induce Autoimmune Responses

M, Oct. 6 & Tu, Oct. 7: Unit 2, Lecture 5

II. USING ANTIBIOTICS AND CHEMICAL AGENTS TO CONTROL BACTERIA

A. Using Antibiotics and Chemical Agents to Control Bacteria
B. Ways in which Control Agents Affect Bacterial Structures or Functions
C. Ways in which Bacteria May Resist Our Control Agents

END OF UNIT 2

W, Oct. 8 & Th, Oct. 9: Unit 3, Lecture 1

UNIT 3: The Eukaryotic Cell; Fungi; Protozoa; Viruses

I. THE EUKARYOTIC CELL

A. Composition and Functions of Eukaryotic Cellular Structures

1. The Cytoplasmic Membrane
2. The Cell Wall
3. The Endomembrane System

a. The Nucleus
b. The Endoplasmic Reticulum
c. The Golgi Complex

4. Other Internal Membrane-Bound Organelles

a. Mitochondria
b. Chloroplasts
c. Lysosomes, Peroxisomes, Vacuoles, and Vesicles

5. Ribosomes
6. The Cytoskeleton
7. Flagella and Cilia

B. The Endosymbiotic Theory

W, Oct. 15 & Th, Oct. 16: Unit 3, Lecture 2

UNIT 3: The Eukaryotic Cell; Fungi; Protozoa; Viruses

III. THE FUNGI

A. Overview
B. Yeasts
C. Molds
D. Fungal Pathogenicity
E. Chemotherapeutic Control of Fungi 

IV. PROTOZOA

A. Characteristics of Protozoa
B. Medically Important Protozoa

V. VIRUSES

A. General Characteristics of Viruses
B. Size and Shapes of Viruses
C. Viral Structure

M, Oct. 20 & Tu, Oct. 21:  Unit 3, Lecture 3

UNIT 3: The Eukaryotic Cell; Fungi; Protozoa; Viruses

V. VIRUSES

C. Viral Structure
D. Classification of Viruses
E. Viroids and Prions
F.  Animal Virus Life Cycles: An Overview

1. The Productive Life Cycle of Animal Viruses

W, Oct. 22 & Th, Oct. 23: Unit 3, Lecture 4

UNIT 3: The Eukaryotic Cell; Fungi; Protozoa; Viruses

V. VIRUSES

F.  Animal Virus Life Cycles: An Overview

2. Productive Life Cycle with Possible Latency
3. The Life Cycle of HIV
4. Natural History of a Typical HIV Infection

M, Oct. 27 & Tu, Oct. 28: Unit 3, Lecture 5

UNIT 3: The Eukaryotic Cell; Fungi; Protozoa; Viruses

V. VIRUSES

F.  Animal Virus Life Cycles: An Overview

5. The Role of Viruses in Tumor Production

G. Bacteriophage Life Cycles: An Overview

1. The Lytic Life Cycle of Bacteriophages
2. The Lysogenic Life Cycle of Bacteriophages

H. Pathogenicity of Animal Viruses
I. Bacteriophage-Induced Alterations of Bacteria
J. Control of Viruses
K. Types of Viral Infections

END OF UNIT 3

W, Oct. 29 & Th, Oct. 30: Unit 4, Lecture 1

UNIT 4: Innate Immunity; Antigens

I. THE INNATE IMMUNE SYSTEM

A. The Innate Immune System: An Overview
B. Pathogen-Associated Molecular Patterns (PAMPs), Pattern-Recognition Receptors (PRRs), and Cytokines

1.Pathogen-Associated Molecular Patterns (PAMPs)
2. Pattern-Recognition Receptors (PRRs)
3. Cytokines Important in Innate Immunity
4. Harmful Effects Associated with Abnormal Pattern-Recognition Receptor Responses and/or Cytokine Production

W, Nov. 5 & Th, Nov. 6: Unit 4, Lecture 2

UNIT 4: Innate Immunity; Antigens

I. THE INNATE IMMUNE SYSTEM

C. Cells Involved in Body Defense

1. Defense Cells in the Blood: The Leukocytes
2. Defense Cells in the Tissue: Dendritic Cells, Macrophages, and Mast Cells

M, Nov. 10 & Tu, Nov. 11: Unit 4, Lecture 3

UNIT 4: Innate Immunity; Antigens

I. THE INNATE IMMUNE SYSTEM

D. Anatomical Barriers, Mechanical Removal, Intraepithelial T-Lymphocytes and B-1 Cells, Bacterial Antagonism by Normal Flora, and Antigen-Nonspecific Antimicrobial Chemicals Produced by the body
E. The Complement System : An Overview

1. The Classical Complement Pathway
2. The Lectin Pathway
3. The Alternative Complement Pathway
4. Ways in which Microorganisms can Resist Body Defenses by Circumventing the Complement Pathways

F. Phagocytosis

1. An Overview of Phagocytic Defense

W, Nov. 19 & Th, Nov. 20: Unit 5 Lecture 1

UNIT 5: Adaptive Immunity

I. INTRODUCTION

A. An Overview
B. Major Cells and Key Cell Surface Molecules Involved in the Immune Responses

1. MHC Molecules
2. Antigen-Presenting Cells (APCs)
3. B-Lymphocytes (B-Cells)
4. T4-Lymphocytes (T4-Cells)
5. Th1,Th2, and Th17 Cells
6. Regulatory T-Lymphocytes (T-reg Cells)
7. T8-Lymphocytes (T8-Cells)
8. Natural Killer T- Lymphocytes (NK cells)
9. Natural Killer Cells (NK Cells)

C. The Lymphoid System
D. An Overview of the Steps Involved in Adaptive Immune Responses

M, Nov. 24 & Tu, Nov. 25: Unit 5 Lecture 2

UNIT 5: Adaptive Immunity

I. INTRODUCTION

II. HUMORAL IMMUNITY

A. Antibodies (Immunoglobulins)

1. An Overview
2. Antibody Structure
3. The 5 Classes (Isotypes) of Human Antibodies
4. Generation of Antibody Diversity
5. Clonal Selection and Clonal Expansion
6. The Steps Involved in Antibody Production
7. Anamnestic (Memory) Response

M, Dec. 1 & Tu, Dec. 2: Unit 5 Lecture 3

UNIT 5: Adaptive Immunity

II. HUMORAL IMMUNITY

B. Ways That Antibodies Help to Defend the Body

1. An Overview
2. Opsonization
3. Cytolysis by the Membrane Attack Complex (MAC)
4. Antibody-dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity (ADCC) by NK Cells
5. Neutralization of Exotoxins
6. Neutralization of Viruses
7. Preventing Bacterial Adherence
8. Agglutination of Microorganisms
9. Immobilization of Bacteria and Protozoans

M, Dec. 8, 5:30-7:30 & Th, Dec. 11, 12:00-2:00: LECTURE EXAM # 5